What Did You Mean by Clicking “Like”? Judge Rules Facebook “Like” Button Isn’t Protected Speech

In the shadow of Facebook’s IPO last month, there was a darker story: A federal judge has determined that clicking Facebook’s Like button does not constitute protected speech.

“It is the Court’s conclusion that merely ‘liking’ a Facebook page is insufficient speech to merit constitutional protection,” writes Judge Raymond A. Jackson of the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia.

“Where courts have found that constitutional speech protections extended to Facebook posts, actual statements existed within the record,” he adds, meaning someone left a message on a Facebook wall.

The case involves six employees of the Hampton, Va., sheriff’s office, who claimed they were fired for endorsing a rival candidate of their boss, Sheriff B.J. Roberts, during his 2009 re-election campaign. A summary judgment for the sheriff was granted in Bland v. Roberts in January 2012; the judge’s rationale was released late last month.

While the plaintiffs contend that Roberts “violated their First Amendment rights to freedom of speech when he fired them,” the judge ruled that simply clicking the Like button on an opposing candidate’s Facebook page is not a “clear” or “meaningful way” of speaking out and doesn’t merit First Amendment protections.

The New York Times notes that Jackson’s ruling wanders into “a murky legal area” – one that pits traditional forms of protected speech against the tools used for expression by social channels, the written word versus symbolic speech.

Yet, as Karen List, director of the Journalism program at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, observes “the courts have clearly protected symbolic speech in the past, including flag burning, certain types of cross burning and obscene anti-war statements on jackets. Compared to those types of speech, hitting a Like button is very tame, as are many of the other visual expressions of opinion on social media.”

“I believe they should be protected as such,” says List, who teaches media history, law and ethics. “In addition, many scholars believe the First Amendment privileges political speech – so, symbolic speech that is political in nature, like flag burning or ‘liking’ a political candidate – should most definitely be protected.”

Perhaps the most chilling aspect of the ruling for social media users is that Judge Jackson studied relevant legal precedents, but found this particular act lacking. His decision turns on the absence of “substantive” and “meaningful” expression in clicking the Like button.

There are any number of social platforms that replace written interaction with visual or symbolic engagement, such as sharing photos via Instagram or “pinning” on Pinterest. In the rapidly evolving social media universe, it seems technology may have outpaced the judicial system’s ability to understand – or even recognize – how expression happens out there.

List offers this perspective: “Legal analysts at the time television was introduced said that courts wouldn’t know what to do with it because the founding fathers never could have envisioned it. If they thought that was true of television, it’s exponentially more true of the internet and social media.”

“Many judges, including the Supreme Court justices, are not comfortable with cameras in their own courtrooms to this day,” she continues. “And yet now they have to deal with cell phones, laptops and Twitter. They don’t understand these tools of expression in their courtrooms, and they don’t understand how they’re used generally. Judges today are faced with applying current legal precedents to new mediums, and in part because they don’t understand them, I think they often rule more conservatively than they otherwise might.”

“It will take a long time for the law to catch up – if it ever does,” List says.

What are your thoughts about the Bland v. Roberts decision? Do you think it will have implications for Facebook and social media channels? Will it change the way you use the Facebook Like?

Thor for Social Media Executive Champion?

Thor

Thor, the god of Norse mythology. “Thor’s battle with the Ettins” (1872), painting by Mårten Eskil Winge. Image courtesy Wikimedia Commons.

Read almost any social media book and you’ll quickly arrive at a certain piece of advice that’s beginning to set my teeth on edge. It’s the requirement for an Executive Champion.

Invariably, these books recommend the CEO fill the Champion role, and apparently one of the Champion’s duties is to swoop in like Thor with his hammer and smash any impasse, leaving the social media team a clear path through the rubble.

Here are five key reasons why this isn’t an effective social media strategy:

Most social media books are written by experts in social media, not the corporate world
While many of the social media strategists who’ve penned books work with corporate clients, this is not the same as navigating a corporate hierarchy from the inside. They simply don’t have the experience of maintaining effective working relationships in highly matrixed departments and across all the business units involved in supporting a strong social media program.

When you need a “decider” in a lean, fast-paced entrepreneurial company, the CEO is often the go-to guy because he’s also the person who developed the software or the idea the company was founded upon. There are few layers between the CEO and the teams engaged in key initiatives. Not so in an established corporation. The social media team operates several pay-strata below the members of the senior team, much less the CEO. And there are established processes for solving issues that involve starting with your team and seeking your immediate supervisor’s help and approval before the supervisor (not you) takes it to the next level (which won’t be the CEO’s level).

Thor needs to be capable of influencing the C-suite, but, in the long tradition of superheroes, he isn’t one of them
In his book, The Social Media Strategist, Christopher Barger, who’s led social media programs for IBM and GM, describes the Executive Champion as a corporate player who:

  • sells the “social media vision to the highest levels of business leadership” and explains “why resources allocated to it are being wisely spent;”
  • credibly takes this vision to the rest of the organization;
  • enforces “consistency among social media, marketing, and communications strategies;” and
  • provides the budget for your social media program or has the savvy to “credibly and effectively go ‘tin-cupping’ through the rest of the organization to acquire that budget.”

That’s a tall order, but inside most companies, there’s a VP with the credibility, likeability and practicality to drive agreement around each of those requirements.

You’ll be lucky to get one impasse-bashing favor from the CEO in your entire career (if that)
If you actually managed to get your issue in front of the CEO – say Legal refuses to allow spontaneous posting to social media sites without approvals or IT won’t budget for resources or bandwidth – guess what she’d tell you? “Find a way to work it out,” is what you’ll hear as she directs you to the door.

CEOs wisely understand that their role isn’t down in the weeds of day-to-day decision-making. They also know they musn’t play favorites. Running to the CEO to tattletale about your right to tweet without a three-week Legal review will only serve to make Legal irate. Likewise the IT department.

If the CEO does extend you a favor – and that’s a big, Thor-sized IF – you’ll spend the rest of your days at the company, trying to prove that you’re capable of making future decisions on your own. You’ll be forever under the hammer, and that’s a very uncomfortable – and ineffective – place to work from.

If Thor handles a disagreement for you, it will be the last time anyone supports you in the company
The real corporate world isn’t like the one portrayed in old comics, where Jimmy Olsen becomes a made guy at the Daily Planet because Superman acknowledges him after saving the world. Run to the CEO to solve an issue, and no one will trust you again. Your ideas won’t be pushed forward, work you needed done yesterday will slow to a snail’s pace, your meetings will be sparsely attended, your achievements begrudged, your failures snickered over. You’ll be the Loki of your company.

It takes a village to manage an effective social media program – not a demi-god
One reason non-corporate types put dibs on the CEO for Executive Champion is because they believe he or she has the ability to rise above the scrabbling that goes on around ownership of social media. You’ve probably seen hundreds of articles like this: Is it PR or HR? Marketing or IT? Customer Service or Advertising?

Actually, it’s all of them. As Christopher Barger notes, “territorialism” doesn’t work for social media. “The reality is,” Barger writes, “each function brings a different strength and a different weakness to social media activity. In an ideal situation, these strengths and functions are brought together as sort of a hybrid function operating together and directing the rest of the business.”

It’s the team’s job to rely on the cross-functional expertise in the room to solve problems. If they can’t – with all that brainpower at the table – then even Thor’s mighty hammer isn’t going to solve the problems in that social media program.

Reading Lessons from Our Dads

Did you hear NPR’s beautiful interview with Alice Ozma, author of The Reading Promise: My Father and the Books We Shared, and her dad, Jim? It ran last year, timed for Father’s Day.

Reading was an important family tradition for them – one that started when Alice was a little older than that classic image of parent-child reading moments. The lovely thing about traditions is that you can start them at any time; it’s the meaning they hold for you that makes them precious memories, not the length of time you’ve been celebrating them.

Was reading a tradition in your family? Since this is Father’s Day, what books did your dad introduce you to? Or did he impart a general love of reading?

My father was around for only two years of my life and then he was off traveling the world for many years. Before he left, he introduced me to and read to me from A.A. Milne (possibly his personal favorite) and Potter (Beatrix, this was a few years before Harry was born). One of the few family photos he kept from this time is a faded image of me, propped on his knee, while he read Squirrel Nutkin or something similar.

By the time he was gone, I was already an avid reader, enabling contact with my faraway father through the post cards he mailed from Switzerland, Germany, Belgium, and New Zealand, which is where he was born and grew up. In that way, he introduced me to the rest of the world and an interest in travel and other cultures, and the way to quench that thirst for knowledge was through reading.

It was my stepfather, though, who had the more profound influence on my life as a young reader. He arrived when I was 8 and, as stepparents can do, had an effect on the mood and culture of our family, which unexpectedly turned conservative.

My stepfather had grown up during the Depression, and his family lost everything. As a result, he applied himself to his studies, went to work younger than most his age, and, unlike his classmates, when he got into Yale, had to put himself through with several jobs. Understandably, he appreciated everything he earned and everything he learned.

His conservative outlook applied to all things except reading. He was intellectually curious, a devout reader, and encouraged an eclectic reading taste in me. At 8, I was already used to being able to read anything in the house, whether intended for children or adults, and this he never discouraged, adding his own books to our collection.

In the decade before his death, it was a relief and a joy to discover my stepfather and I had reached an accord, and the common ground was created by a love of reading and the ideas that sprang from books. We shared interests through authors – me supplying him with books by Stewart Edward White, whose adventure stories he’d grown up reading; he sending along the latest John McPhee tome.

My father and I were not able to declare peace, though I did spend the last few weeks of his life with him. It was clear there would be no resolution, so we shared time in each other’s company, looking at picture books of New Zealand. On the desk was a thick volume, C.S. Lewis’ complete Chronicles of Narnia. It was something my dad had always wanted to read, but never got round to and no longer had the strength to pursue. And so, in his last hours, when every breath was a struggle, I read to him of Narnia, in hopes that a familiar voice could help somehow on that final journey.

Debunk These 6 Myths about SEO to Optimize Your Site or Blog

Loch Ness Monster

Reconstruction of Loch Ness monster as a plesiosaur outside Museum of Nessie. Photo courtesy of Wikimedia Commons.

You know why people still believe the Loch Ness monster myth? They’re convinced no one’s found Nessie because they don’t know where to look…

Rescue your content from the murky depths of search. Debunk these six myths about SEO and, whether you manage an online store, a corporate website or a personal blog, the people you want to reach will know exactly where to find you.

MYTH #1: It’s all about keywords
If you figure out the right keywords, you can outwit the competition and draw hordes of customers and fans to your site. Right?

REALITY: If we could just list popular keyword phrases on a website and attract customers, marketing would be a heck of a lot easier. But search engines have strict protocols about sites that look like keyword dumps and will remove them from search results. Keywords live inside content and in order for your content to score high with search engines, it must be helpful, relevant and timely for your audience, as well as interactive. The more your content engages audiences, the more time they’ll want to spend with you and your brands and, ultimately, the better you’ll score with search engines.

MYTH #2: Content is king
But you just said content is key.

REALITY: Content is paramount, but so is customizing that content for the crawlers used by Google, Yahoo!, Bing, and other search engines. Maybe you recently started a blog and are still getting comfortable with the WordPress or Blogger platform. Perhaps you produce content for a major corporate site. From simple to sophisticated, there are basic technical tweaks that will give your content more prominence.

Take some tips from the easy-to-read Google Search Engine Optimization Starter Guide and give your pages clear and accurate titles. Be strategic about filling out your site/blog metadescription, using keywords in your meta tags, headers, links, and especially when naming images, photos, videos, and downloads. Organize your site structure and content to make sure that search engines don’t overlook anything (submerge your content and it’ll drown; if it’s too many clicks away from the home page, search will rank it lower and sometimes not at all) and always enable your site for mobile users.

If you’re using Blogger, which is owned by Google, each time you post, the URL is already customized based on your title (so be SEO-savvy about your title or learn how to customize your URL). Other blog and website platforms offer URL customization. Still, you’d be amazed at the major brand websites and blogs out there whose content is rendered unsearchable by URLs that merely indicate this is Press Release #956 rather than the most reliable source of information about the launch of a new product.

The technical basics of making your website or blog SEO-savvy aren’t hard to pick up. And there are plenty of do-it-yourself options out there, from online Help forums to sites like SEOmoz and blogging guidebooks. Depending on your budget, there are also companies that specialize in conducting technical SEO audits of your websites, blogs, microsites, video channels – you name it.

MYTH #3: SEO is search
C’mon now, “search” is the very first word in Search Engine Optimization.

REALITY: That may be, but it’s not the last word. Certainly, search marketer Lee Odden, in his new book Optimize, observes that “search engines continue to represent the most popular method of finding specific information (Pew Internet 2011).” However, he adds, with the rise of social networking, search becomes only part of online engagement for customers, constituencies, key audiences, fans, and friends.

Odden describes SEO today as a more circular, or holistic, process: “For example, searchers expect not only to find what they’re looking for on a search engine, but also to interact with what they find through commenting, rating, joining, as well as buying. Purchase is just the start of social engagement with the customer.”

It’s not always enough to offer coupons on your brand’s Facebook page. What today’s consumer may need is a post with great recipes (or hair-care tips or how-to advice, depending on your product) before they’ll take advantage of your discount and share links with their friends. In turn, it’s this type of engagement and sharing of content that reinforces your site’s credibility with search engines and pushes rankings higher. And that’s the Circle of SEO.

MYTH #4: Once you’re successful, you can rest on your laurels
Sorry about that, chief!

REALITY: “Circular” doesn’t imply wash-rinse-repeat. It’s not enough that the technology (from laptop to tablet to phone to Google glasses) is changing or that search engines continually refine their algorithms to foil Black Hats or that social networks are increasing by the day.

The most effective engagement is customized to your audience’s needs and based on the unique aspects of the channel you’re using. Your keywords will change every six months or so, as will your approach when new networks, like the next Pinterest, pop up and your fans want to find your content and engage with you there.

How can you manage so much ongoing change? Yola Blake, who leads social optimization efforts as head social strategist at Get Page One in Austin, TX, recommends utilizing expertise across your organization, at all of your audience touchpoints. “Bring together your marketing, social, SEO, legal, PR, and HR teams and unify your keyword targeting effort,” she says. “Make sure that each department learns a little about SEO and incorporates it into their brand content strategy. Everyone needs to be on the same page now that search is more social and is out for your brand’s ‘story.’”

MYTH #5: SEO is all about customers
Really? You only have one audience?

REALITY: If you can research keyword usage on the Internet, why not on an intranet and optimize content and user experience to help employees meet business goals? Same thing for a microsite you’ve set up to target niche constituencies. If you’ve established a cross-functional team (like the one suggested in Myth #4), then you’ll have plenty of content customized for different audiences. The smartest aspect of this approach is that your internal content often works perfectly well externally – now you’re not just engaging, you’re maximizing your ROI on content-creation.

MYTH #6: SEO will become obsolete
This myth raises its head from beneath the dark and stormy waters every time Google improves its search algorithms, making it tougher for those who want to game the system rather than put genuine effort into engagement.

REALITY: I leave it to Social Media Club professional member Yola Blake to chase away this monster with some helpful perspective: “This is not true at all! The role of an SEO strategist will shift and change as search algorithms change and the way people use the web evolves. Part of the thrill of being a search engine marketer lies in the reality that every day is not the same in this industry. One day you may be drinking your morning coffee, wearing your Monday sweater, and BAM! An effort you’ve been working on for the past two years is completely irrelevant. Back to the drawing board. Time for a new plan!”

Time Isn’t On My Side

There were bizarre moments for brands at this year’s French Open tennis tournament.

Novak Djokovic smashed his Perrier player’s bench in frustration over Rafael Nadal’s strong start. The French bubble-water-maker nevertheless was prepared, and a new bench, with a pristine Perrier logo, debuted during a rain delay.

It’s a lesson watchmaker Longines could learn from. Longines is the official timekeeper of the French Open grand slam with branded Longines clocks tracking match time at both ends of the court. One of the digital Longines timekeepers went a bit wonky early in the two-week run at Roland Garros, blinking erratically.

Perrier could very well have left its busted bench on court through the rest of the final. No one confused Djokovic’s attack on the bench with the brand – it was all about how he was playing in the first two sets. And the smashed logo wasn’t associated in any way with the Perrier product itself.

But that demented flashing clock! It’s hard to imagine it wasn’t a distraction to the players. For that reason alone, Longines should have gone out of its way to repair the thing. But the primary reason to fix the clock is that it isn’t just a brand logo, it’s one of their timepieces, a demonstration of the quality of their brand.

Brands sponsor sporting events to draw attention to themselves at a time when millions upon millions of viewers are tuning in. But this isn’t the kind of awareness they want: Look! Our clocks don’t work!

Show and Tell: Presenting the Perfect Portfolio

Even the portfolio has gone digital, but when it comes to job interviews, old-style portfolios still rule.

Whether you’re changing companies or leaving behind internships for that first professional gig, the portfolio is a key marketing tool.

Here are some thoughts on compiling a strong presentation of sample work. I’d love it, and I’m sure readers would, as well, if you’d share what’s worked for you and your portfolio in the comments.

Organization is critical
Interviewers who take the time to review a portfolio – and plenty don’t spend time on this – expect to see a professional presentation. Grammar and spelling must be correct. Graphic elements should be appealing. And a portfolio shouldn’t be overburdened with too many examples – edit judiciously.

Showcase a variety of talents
Pick a half-dozen good pieces, including one that shows off writing and editing skills, another that displays strategy and concept, a third design, and others from your most successful programs or campaigns.

Target a specific job
Take time to consider what the company is looking for and what the position is all about. Then, move the most relevant pieces of work to the front of your portfolio.

Highlight important clients
If you’ve recently worked for an industry-leading company or brand, make sure those samples are close to the front. It shows the caliber of work you’re capable of and that a prestige brand hired you for your expertise.

Call out your contributions
Don’t just stuff a brochure into a portfolio sleeve. Highlight or use arrows to indicate exactly what you want your interviewer to see or understand about the work you did. This is especially important on group projects. You deserve credit for your contribution, but if you had no input into or responsibility for delivering the graphics or a video package, you should be clear about who did what and which work is yours.

Have a leave-behind
There’s rarely time during a job interview for a panel to actually read through examples of your work. If you photocopy your best work and hand it out before you leave, the panel will have something tangible to remember you by when they make the hiring decision. (For online portfolios, share your best pieces and then list and link to other samples, such as press releases or magazine articles.)

Tell a story
Consider Don Draper’s Kodak Carousel pitch in “Mad Men.” He sold the clients because he had a complete, organized package structured as a story, including visuals. Whether you organize your portfolio chronologically (newest to oldest or past to present), by skill set or by client, prepare to lead interviewers on a tour. Know what to highlight and where stunning graphics can tell the story for you. Build a sense of excitement through your own enthusiasm – not only about how terrific your work is, but also about how effective it was at engaging the audience and meeting the client’s goals.

May Reading Challenge Update

Here’s how my 2012 reading challenge is going plus reviews of May’s selections.

Standard disclosure: I bought the first four books and received the last one free as a review copy from the publisher. Several are included in my Amazon Affiliate store. I receive a small percentage of each sale made through that widget. All opinions here are my own.

SCORECARD

May
5 down, 28 to go!

REVIEWS

In-Flight Entertainment by Helen Simpson
Helen Simpson’s Four Bare Legs in a Bed was the book I begged friends visiting England to bring back for me. At the time, it was unavailable in the United States, but I’d just finished Getting a Life and had to have more.

Whether her protagonists are young lovers, eager to explore and abuse the workings of their hearts, newly marrieds, a young lawyer required to attend a whisky-soaked corporate dinner dedicated to quoting copious stanzas of Scottish poet Robert Burns, or parents helping kids navigate the treachery of divorce and homework, Simpson puts us squarely in their heads and reveals the subtle pitches of their emotions.

In her latest collection of 13 stories, the characters’ unease is frequently underscored by global warming, whether as political viewpoint or the cause of environmental devastation. The subject makes an appearance in the title story, “Ahead of the Pack” and “Geography Boy,” but especially in the chilling, post-apocalyptic “Diary of an Interesting Year,” which first appeared in The New Yorker.

In “In-flight Entertainment,” Simpson enacts a marvelous scene where two businessmen pick over the bones of the global warming debate, making idle conversation as they shuttle over the Atlantic, while a fellow first-class passenger succumbs to heart failure:

“There was a flurry across the aisle and Alan craned his neck to make out the doctor arming himself with some sort of wire machine. Whump, it went; whump, whump. Pause. Alan saw the old man’s hands fly up in the air and come down again.
‘What’s that?’ he asked the air stewardess with a jerk of his head. Her eyes were suspiciously watery despite her professional smile. She shook her head and moved away.
‘That’ll be the defibrillator,’ said Jeremy.
Alan realized she had failed to take his pudding order and wondered if he could call her back.”

Meanwhile, in “Geography Boy,” a young woman in love still doesn’t believe her boyfriend’s protest group will have any impact on global warming. Her apathy almost brings their relationship to an end.

“He lifted her again and whirled her in his arms until they were both dizzy. Breathing hard, exhilarated, they leaned into a mutual embrace, this time for balance as much as anything. Then they stood in the fathomless dark and stared saucer-eyed beyond the stratosphere into the night, as troupes of boisterous planets wheeled across the blackness all around them.”

There is whimsy here, as well. In “The Festival of the Immortals,” two old school friends run into each other at an authors’ fair featuring Jane Austen, “Rabbie” Burns (again!), Alexander Pope, and the Bronte sisters, along with a reluctant Shakespeare: “He’s supposed to be arriving by helicopter at four this afternoon, but it’s always touch-and-go with him…it’s impossible to pin him down.”

The collection ends with the lyrical “Charm for a Friend with a Lamp,” a beautiful meditation on helping a friend with a terminal illness:

“We’ll have a party there this Midsummer’s eve, up by the tomato plants and ranks of romaine lettuce, just the two of us. Let’s write it on our calendars now. I can’t spare you. You’re indispensible! We’ll have a party and pledge your health by moonlight on the one night of the year when plants consumed or planted have magical powers. There is a great deal of talk about the benefits of mistletoe extract and so on, but I’m not convinced. You can spend a lot of time and energy chasing magic potions, when you might be better occupied weaving your own spells over the future.”

Helen Simpson is that rare writer, dedicated to the difficult art of the short story, creating very real, funny, poignant and full lives in the space of a few pages. If you don’t know her work, this is the perfect place to start and discover why the Financial Times calls her “the best short story writer now working in English.”

Redemption Song: The Ballad of Joe Strummer by Chris Salewizc
How do you write an objective biography of an artist you’ve idolized and befriended while still mourning his untimely death?

If you’re author and journalist Chris Salewicz and the friend is Joe Strummer, lead singer of the Clash and The Mescaleros, who died at 50, you turn over the microphone to the extraordinarily jam-packed band of friends, fellow musicians, film directors, actors, managers, music industry people, and family members, including Strummer’s Scottish clan.

Salewicz does a neat trick here. He captures the diverse observations of a man many found both inspiring and exasperating. You don’t achieve harmony when you blend all those voices, but you do reveal a genuine life, with all its achievements and disappointments, loves and larks.

“Joe was the personification of Carl Jung’s view that all great truths must end in paradox,” Salewicz writes.

That paradox, between flashes of brilliance and all too mundane lives, is what makes artists so fascinating. If they weren’t human, we probably wouldn’t be paying attention in the first place.

Friends knew Joe Strummer under many pseudonyms: Woody the Hippie, the Merry Prankster, the Pied Piper of Punk, and, through long, Armagideon Times of doubt and depression, Chief Thundercloud.

He was born John, like that other outspoken bandleader, whose life his so frequently mirrored. Both Lennon and Strummer knew tragedy from a young age (Strummer’s older brother, David, committed suicide when Joe was 16). Both were poor students and wound up in art college. Both found salvation in rock ‘n’ roll and formed and disbanded a number of groups before finding the right mix. (The Clash, like the Beatles, didn’t gel till they found their drummer.) Strummer, as with Lennon, was never afraid to attack the issues of the day through lyrics and the media. Both had tumultuous relationships with women until their second marriages. Each struggled through his own Wilderness Years after breaking up beloved bands and suffering the wrath of fans. Thankfully for music history, they found their voices again, producing inspired music before exiting the stage. They both died in December, far too young and left enduring legacies. (Strummerville: The Joe Strummer Foundation for New Music)

Whether you were a fan of punk or not, by any stretch of the imagination, Joe Strummer had an extraordinary life. He traveled throughout the Mideast, Africa and Mexico at a young age, the son of a diplomat. He was involved in social, political and musical movements of his time, starting with the squatters protests in 1970s England, out of which grew pub rock and his early band, the 101ers. He was the leading spokesman of punk rock. When he found that limiting, he pushed the Clash into the Rock Against Racism movement and was an early proponent of world music.

Late ‘70s Britain was an era of speaking in CAPITAL LETTERS. Politics dictated what certain bands recorded, said to the media, who their friends were (many of Strummer’s squatter-hippie friends didn’t hear from him for a decade after he embraced punk rock), how they dressed and combed their hair.

“I’d like to think the Clash were revolutionaries,” Strummer once joked with an interviewer, “but we loved a bit of posing as well. ‘Where’s the hair gel? We can’t start the revolution till someone finds the hair gel!’ We were revolutionaries on behalf of punk rock.”

Nevertheless, the Clash were one of the very few bands ever to stand up for fans. They let in kids who couldn’t afford concert tickets through the backdoors of venues and allowed them to crash on their hotel room floors at night. They fought a crippling battle with their record company (forcing them into more Draconian terms) in order to release the double-album “London Calling” and triple set “Sandinista!” at the one-disc price. They refused to play Japan until the audience was allowed to stand up and dance. And, when their eight-night appearance at Bonds nightclub in New York was over-sold, they played an additional 10 shows to honor the tickets fans had purchased.

The Clash played a different set list every concert because they wanted each one to be a unique experience for fans. And, anyone who saw the Clash live (I saw them four times, plus once as Clash Mark II, after Mick Jones exited the group) will attest, they gave 110 percent onstage, Strummer pouring his heart out, night after grueling night.

Salewicz does an excellent job of recreating the scene that fuelled, ruled and finally imploded the Clash just as they were reaching a larger audience.

As with Lennon – and John Lydon – family, friends, bandmates and critics found Strummer’s brutal honesty funny, refreshing and painful. But, it was impossible for the man himself to live up to.

Was it difficult being the wise man of punk and politics?, Salewicz asked Strummer after the Clash split: “Yes, it was,” Strummer replied. “Drove me nuts sometimes.”

With any artist’s biography, it all comes back to the art. Salewicz has the details and discographies down pat thanks to three years of interviews and research. He’s a fair critic of Strummer’s less inspired work and fills in gaps in the life of a man who needed to get off the radar in order to renew his artistry.

It was fascinating to learn that anti-hippie Joe found his way back to old friends and a more peaceful life via rave culture and the campfires of Glastonbury, an annual U.K. music festival. The gathering of the tribes around the campfire – musicians, artists, extended family, friends and fans – became a ritual for Strummer, one that his foundation continues to this day.

For those of us who were long-time fans, it was devastating to learn that the man who gave it all, heart and soul, to his fans, and who once said, “My heart is when I’m onstage,” lost his life to a congenital condition he wasn’t aware of. “A main artery that should have run around his heart went through it instead. He could have died suddenly at any point during his fifty years,” Salewicz observes.

There have been plenty of books about the Clash. What’s lovely about Salewicz’s story is that it shares that wonderful sense of symmetry Strummer’s life had – like Lennon, he was able to find love, happiness, peace and renewed musical brilliance in the last few years of his life.

(The Pop Matters website features excerpts from Redemption Song.)

Stone Arabia by Dana Spiotta
I thought this novel might be off to a good start when I spotted a line from the Clash’s “Garageland” as one of its epigraphs. Like A Visit from the Goon Squad, Dana Spiotta’s most recent work is being called a “rock ‘n’ roll novel” (by none other than Thurston Moore of Sonic Youth).

While it features a character, Nik, with a brief career in a critically acclaimed band, the book mainly is about Nik’s sister, Denise, and how the two of them shape the stories of their lives into narratives. Nik, no longer with the band, has conjured an almost-fictional career for himself, producing album after album of his own music, following the sounds in his head, rather than contemporary taste, designing the covers (each one a piece of a larger collage), and even writing the reviews and a purported history, called The Chronicles. Denise, meanwhile, is stuck in mundane reality, trying to help Nik meet rent and stay healthy and occasionally correcting the story in The Chronicles.

To tell this tale, Spiotta plays with point of view. We start, rather dully, with Denise and Nik’s unhappy family back in the ‘70s, in third person. The novel gets going when it switches to an apparent first person present. But, the rug gets pulled out when we discover, toward the end (and now back in third person), that Denise has been writing all this first person detail to figure out Nik, who has disappeared after years of ill health and depression.

Late in the story, Denise’s daughter attempts to become a third participant in this point-of-view mish-mash, hoping to film a documentary about Nik. Luckily, this thread is dropped before it adds to the narrative confusion.

There are awkward constructions, as well. For example, a man brushes past Denise on a crowded New York City street, and he evokes her father, who hasn’t been an important part of this story since the opening chapter, in large part because he died when she and Nik were very young: “I felt the memory of my father on my body, the way you feel a breeze or the heat of the sun. He did not feel – and so was not – entirely lost to me.”

Three problems with these lines: 1) Denise consistently tells us throughout the story that she has no memories of her father. 2) The first sentence is about memory and not at all about anything darker that might be going on between Denise and her father, but it’s so poorly constructed that it has to be read at least twice for the reader to be sure of what’s going on. 3) The clause set off by dashes in the second sentence makes the reader lose the meaning again. “He did not feel” because he’s dead? “And so was not” alive? Oh, the reader realizes, when she arrives at the end, Spiotta really means to have Denise say, “I felt like my father was not entirely lost to me.”

The narrative grinds to a halt for five brief chapters about various topics in the news that Denise fixates on, as well as another sidebar that takes Denise to a devout New York community, somewhat like the Amish, called Stone Arabia, where a woman’s daughter has been abducted and is presumed murdered. Presumably, despite the entirely different circumstances, Spiotta sees some relation between the mother’s loss and Denise’s, but the scene of Denise, coming all the way from California to accost the mother in an effort to learn something is just plain embarrassing and unrealistic.

This many distractions for the reader are too much for a short novel (235 pages in hardcover) to withstand. There are any number of enticing chords that could have been struck and orchestrated into a melodic whole. Sadly, we’re left with an incoherent cacophony. This one hardly rates a 4, and you can’t dance to it.

Let the Northern Lights Erase Your Name by Vendela Vida
Vida is one of the promising pack of young women writers, like Nicole Krauss, who’ve avoided the clever-cleverness of their husbands’ prose (Dave Eggers and Jonathan Safran Foer) and forged new ground. This is her second novel and fourth book, and it takes the reader above the Arctic Circle on a daughter’s journey to discover her true origins.

Along the way, we learn how Clarissa’s mother abandoned the family and returned to the wilderness of northern Finland, where she’d lived in her 20s and which was the setting for a pivotal, devastating experience in Olivia’s life. The plot is tied up with the history of the Sami, the indigenous people of this region, who still herd reindeer across the vast tundra.

Northern Lights is a compact tale. It finishes after 226 pages of tightly drawn scenes. Every sentence is Subject-Verb-Object. Every sentence is terse. “I unbuckled my belt. My head pulsed.” The brain grows a bit cranky, wanting to bust out of this construction and learn more about this alien landscape and the fascinating people who have managed to survive almost impossible conditions for generations.

This is the entirety of Chapter 10, when Clarissa deserts her boyfriend to journey across Finland and Finmark:

“I left our apartment at six a.m., passing Pankaj sleeping on the couch, his right foot extended on the coffee table. No one knew I was going anywhere. Disappearing is nothing. I learned this from my mother.”

These kinds of statements are meant to seem like they reveal character, but really they don’t. Disappearing means nothing because the author chooses to tell us nothing. It’s a fear too many callow writers have – the idea that revealing emotions is somehow too sentimental, too corny, too much the hallmark of genres like romance – that Literature should be more reserved. It made me yearn for the fearlessness of a John Updike, whose sentences are like an electric jolt to the head and heart. His perfectly captured moments (“…spangled his insides with fear”) tell you more about a father’s emotions than some authors accomplish with a chapter’s worth of words.

Perhaps trusting yourself with emotions comes as writers age. Vida already is a master plot-maker, and I can see her going to those deeper places, even as the novel progresses:

“…and on some nights in bed, in that moment before sleep erased the day, I would picture the way the sky in Lapland looked the morning I left, how the train had sped south beneath a sky that was brighter than it had been in weeks. It had pulsed with reds and oranges, as though hiding a beating heart.”

Lines like that make me look forward to hearing more from this writer.

The B2B Social Media Book: Become a Marketing Superstar by Generating Leads with Blogging, LinkedIn, Twitter, Facebook, E-Mail, and More by Kipp Bodnar and Jeffrey L. Cohen
I received a free review copy of this book from the publisher. You can read my review, “B2B Social Media Marketing Is All about the Benjamins, Not Buzz,” on the Social Media Club website.

Writing that inspired me:

“Ignore Alien Orders”
~ sticker on Joe Strummer’s guitar